The “Escamoles” (from the Nahuatl “azcatl”, ant, and “molli”, stew) are larvae of the Güijera ant Liometopum apiculatum, highly appreciated in Mexico since pre-Hispanic times, when in season they were part of the daily diet of the inhabitants of Mesoamerica. Considered a delicacy, today they are exotic food in states such as Guanajuato (especially in San Luis de la Paz), Hidalgo, Puebla de Zaragoza and Tlaxcala. They are also called “azcamolli”, “huigues”, “chiquereyes” or “maicitos”.
Ant larvae are eaten fried with butter and epazote, in “mixiote”, mole, barbecue, with egg, among many other stews. This species of ant builds its nests underground, mainly at the base of the maguey, in the nopaleras or next to the pirul trees. The escamole is harvested every year between the months of March and April. The ants are extremely aggressive, which, together with the difficulty of reproducing them all year round, makes their exploitation difficult and makes escamoles an excessively expensive dish.
Harvest
The escamole is harvested every year, in the Lenten season. The ants build their nests underground, several meters deep, mainly at the base of the maguey, in the nopaleras or next to the pirul trees, and, to find them, the collectors follow the path of the ants. These ants are extremely aggressive and only reproduce at that time of year. These factors make its exploitation difficult and turn escamoles into a very precious dish, and extremely expensive, as much or more than the famous "caviar". Thanks to this they are considered "The Mexican Caviar". Once the white eggs are extracted, they are poured into jars of clean water and subjected to consecutive baths to avoid any trace of sand or dirt. In this process, great care must be taken to avoid that the outer layer that protects the larvae does not break.
They can be prepared in multiple ways: fried with butter and epazote, with egg, with sauces, in mixiote, with barbecue, in gorditas, in tortillas, among others.
Escamoles contain between 40 and 60% protein, in addition to fats, vitamins and minerals. This is a much higher percentage than protein from beef (17-21.5%) and chicken (20.2%).